Les coronavirus sont un groupe de virus courants. Ils sont nommés pour leurs pointes en forme de couronne à la surface du virus. Certains coronavirus n’affectent que les animaux, mais d’autres peuvent également affecter les humains.

La plupart des gens sont infectés par ces virus à un moment donné de leur vie. Ils provoquent généralement des infections légères à modérées dans les voies respiratoires supérieures, comme le rhume. Mais ils peuvent également provoquer des maladies plus graves, telles que la bronchite et la pneumonie.

Il existe plusieurs types de coronavirus humains, notamment la maladie du coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS) et le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS).

Comment se transmettent les infections à coronavirus ?

En général, les coronavirus humains sont transmis d’une personne infectée à d’autres par :

  • L’air lors de la toux et des éternuements
  • Contact personnel étroit, tel que toucher ou se serrer la main
  • Toucher un objet ou une surface avec le virus puis toucher la bouche, le nez ou les yeux avant de se laver les mains
  • Par les selles (peu fréquent)

Qui risque d’attraper des infections à coronavirus ?

N’importe qui peut attraper une infection à coronavirus, mais les jeunes enfants sont plus susceptibles d’être infectés.

Quels sont les symptômes des infections à coronavirus ?

Les symptômes dépendent du type de coronavirus et de la gravité de l’infection. Si vous avez une infection des voies respiratoires supérieures légère à modérée, comme le rhume, vos symptômes peuvent inclure :

Certains coronavirus peuvent provoquer des symptômes graves. Les infections peuvent devenir bronchite et pneumonie, et provoque des symptômes tels que:

Les infections graves sont plus fréquentes chez les personnes atteintes des maladies cardiaques ou pulmonaires, les personnes dont le système immunitaire est affaibli, les nourrissons et les personnes âgées.

Comment les infections à coronavirus sont-elles diagnostiquées ?

Pour établir un diagnostic, votre professionnel de la santé :

  • Devra examiner vos antécédents médicaux, y compris les questions sur vos symptômes.
  • Effectuer un examen physique.
  • Vous pouvez demander des tests sanguins
  • Vous pouvez effectuer des tests de laboratoire d’expectorations, un échantillon d’un écouvillon de gorge ou d’autres échantillons respiratoires.

Quels sont les traitements des infections à coronavirus ?

Il n’existe aucun traitement spécifique pour les infections à coronavirus. La plupart des gens s’amélioreront d’eux-mêmes. Cependant, vous pouvez soulager vos symptômes en :

  • Prenant des médicaments en vente libre pour soulager la douleur, la fièvre et la toux. Cependant, ne donnez pas d’aspirine aux enfants ni de médicaments contre la toux aux enfants de moins de quatre ans.
  • Utilisez un humidificateur ou prendre une douche chaude pour aider à soulager le mal de gorge et la toux.
  • Reposez-vous abondamment.
  • Buvez de liquides.

Si vos symptômes vous inquiètent, parlez-en à votre professionnel de la santé.

Peut-on prévenir les infections à coronavirus ?

À l’heure actuelle, il n’existe aucun vaccin pour prévenir les infections à coronavirus humain. Mais vous pourrez peut-être réduire votre risque d’attraper ou de propager une infection en :

  • Se lavant les mains souvent avec de l’eau et du savon pendant au moins 20 secondes. Si vous ne disposez pas d’eau et de savon, utilisez un désinfectant pour les mains à base d’alcool contenant au moins 60% d’alcool.
  • Évitez de vous toucher le visage, le nez ou la bouche avec des mains non lavées.
  • Évitez tout contact étroit avec des personnes malades.
  • Nettoyez et désinfectez. Surfaces fréquemment touchées
  • Couvrir la toux et les éternuements avec un mouchoir. Jetez ensuite le mouchoir et lavez-vous les mains.
  • Restez à la maison lorsque vous êtes malade.

Dr. Marie Phara Ambroise

Email :mariepharaambroise@yahoo.fr

111 thoughts on “Que sont les infections à coronavirus ?”
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